What are shock collars and what harm do they cause?

Electric shock collars deliver an electric shock to a dog’s or a cat’s neck via a remote control, up to a radius of two miles. This means a dog not within sight of its owner could still be shocked and for up to 11 seconds at a time. 

Research has shown that the application of an electric shock to dogs or cats, even at a low level, can cause physiological and behavioural responses associated with stress, pain, and fear. Leading animal welfare charities alongside the British Veterinary Association have been calling for an end to ban electronic shock collars across the UK.

Evidence shows that reward-based training is not only the most effective training method for dogs and cats, but also makes sure animals are protected from any pain or suffering as part of their training.

These outdated devices were banned in Wales, with a ban imminent in England.